Name: 
 

WALKER_MS_CH_12_MARINE_MAMMALS_PRETEST


Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
All marine mammals:
a.
are faster swimmers compared to other marine animals.
b.
have lungs modified to breathe underwater.
c.
are aggressive in obtaining food.
d.
are intelligent compared to other marine animals.
e.
have baleen.
 

 2. 
All the following are characteristics of marine mammals except:
a.
mammary glands.
b.
gills.
c.
a placenta.
d.
being homeothermic.
e.
None of these.
 

 3. 
Marine mammals, because of the energy demands of being homeothermic, expend about ____ times as much energy as other marine organisms.
a.
5
b.
10
c.
15
d.
20
e.
25
 

 4. 
Sea otters are protected from the cold by having:
a.
thick blubber.
b.
thick fur.
c.
waxy fur.
d.
fatty tissue.
e.
thick skin.
 

 5. 
Sea otters consume nearly ____% of their body weight per day.
a.
10
b.
25
c.
30
d.
40
e.
50
 

 6. 
Sea lions and seals belong to the suborder:
a.
Carnivora.
b.
Sirenia.
c.
Cetacea.
d.
Pinnipedia.
e.
Odontoceti.
 

 7. 
Pinnipeds molt
a.
in the ocean.
b.
on shore.
c.
in the winter.
d.
throughout the year.
e.
They do not molt.
 

 8. 
Pinniped means:
a.
clawed footed.
b.
flipper footed.
c.
feather footed.
d.
paddle footed.
e.
split footed.
 

 9. 
In eared seals, the main propulsive force for swimming is produced by the:
a.
forelimbs.
b.
hindlimbs.
c.
undulations of the body.
d.
tail.
e.
caudal fin.
 

 10. 
True seals' characteristics include:
a.
lack of external ear.
b.
swimming with forelimbs.
c.
swimming with hind limbs.
d.
lack of external ear and swimming with hind limbs.
e.
lack of external ear and swimming with forelimbs.
 

 11. 
Which of the following species is endangered?
a.
California sea lion.
b.
Northern fur seal
c.
Steller's sea lion.
d.
California sea lion and Northern fur seal.
e.
Northern fur seal and Steller's sea lion.
 

 12. 
All the following are all major points of the article Where Have the Steller’s Sea Lions Gone except which?
a.
Some biologists thought commercial fishing was culprit.
b.
Killer whales may play a role in pinniped population regulation.
c.
Scientific views undergo revision with new data and findings.
d.
Scientists often come to contradictory conclusions when examining the same phenomenon.
e.
Steller’s sea lions decimated the salmon population in Alaska.
 

 13. 
The deepest diving pinnipeds are the:
a.
sea lions.
b.
harbor seals.
c.
Weddell seals.
d.
elephant seals.
e.
Steller’s sea lion.
 

 14. 
Known for the ability to dive deep, the ____ has set a record of 1530 m.
a.
harbor seal
b.
Weddel seal
c.
Steller's sea lion
d.
leopard seal
e.
northern elephant seal
 

 15. 
Male animals that mate with and control more than one female at a time are called:
a.
hermaphroditic.
b.
heterogenous.
c.
polygynous.
d.
androgynous.
e.
monogamous.
 

 16. 
Most pinnipeds mate:
a.
every two years.
b.
every four years.
c.
once in their lifetime.
d.
annually.
e.
every three years.
 

 17. 
The structure used to amplify an elephant seal bull's roar is a(n):
a.
inflated proboscis.
b.
hallow tusk used as a horn.
c.
sirenaphores.
d.
blowhole.
e.
melon.
 

 18. 
The entertaining seals of marine attraction parks are:
a.
sea lions.
b.
harbor seals.
c.
elephant seals.
d.
fur seals.
e.
harp seals.
 

 19. 
Manatees and dugongs belong to the order:
a.
Pinnipedia.
b.
Cetacea.
c.
Carnivora.
d.
Sirenia.
e.
Fissipedia.
 

 20. 
The sirenians:
a.
rest on shore.
b.
bear young on land.
c.
are completely aquatic.
d.
are fish eaters.
e.
don’t have blubber since they live in tropical water.
 

 21. 
The following are all differences between manatees and dugongs except:
a.
fresh and seawater habitat for manatees, dugongs only live in seawater.
b.
dugongs have a larger head.
c.
dugongs have a shorter flipper.
d.
manatees' forelimbs form flippers, dugongs' do not.
e.
None of these.
 

 22. 
The following are all similarities between manatees and dugongs and whales except:
a.
streamlined, practically hairless bodies.
b.
forelimbs modified to form flippers.
c.
tail flukes.
d.
consume macrophytes.
e.
None of these.
 

 23. 
Manatees are mostly found in:
a.
cold polar waters.
b.
Antarctica.
c.
tropical estuaries.
d.
temperate coastal areas.
e.
Eastern Pacific Ocean.
 

 24. 
The greatest threat to the Florida manatees is:
a.
loss of habitat.
b.
human predation.
c.
being mauled or killed by boats.
d.
stranding in thermal plumes of power plants.
e.
disease from urban runoff.
 

 25. 
Manatees feed mostly on:
a.
small fishes.
b.
benthic invertebrates.
c.
plankton.
d.
aquatic plants.
e.
other marine mammals.
 

 26. 
Whales, dolphins, and porpoises all belong to the order:
a.
Sirenia.
b.
Cetacea.
c.
Carnivora.
d.
Pinnipedia.
e.
Fissipedia.
 

 27. 
Those marine mammals most adapted to a marine existence are the:
a.
pinnipeds.
b.
sirenians.
c.
cetaceans.
d.
sea otters.
e.
None of these.
 

 28. 
It is believed that cetaceans evolved from:
a.
a terrestrial mammal.
b.
a pinniped.
c.
fishes.
d.
polychaetes.
e.
dinosaurs.
 

 29. 
Through evolution, the hindlimbs of cetaceans have been modified, eventually becoming:
a.
flippers.
b.
tail.
c.
non-existent.
d.
flukes.
e.
enlarged.
 

 30. 
To reduce drag whales have eliminated:
a.
external ears.
b.
pectoral fins.
c.
external appendages.
d.
mammary glands.
e.
flukes.
 

 31. 
The absence of sweat glands in cetaceans aids in:
a.
maintaining body heat.
b.
conserving water.
c.
increasing internal salinity.
d.
reducing drag.
e.
swimming efficiency.
 

 32. 
Adaptations for deep diving in cetaceans include all the following except:
a.
expelling air from the lungs.
b.
large lungs with large number of air sacs.
c.
rib cage that can collapse.
d.
sonar for detecting the depth.
e.
high red blood cell count.
 

 33. 
The milk of cetaceans is very rich in:
a.
fat.
b.
protein.
c.
carbohydrates.
d.
cellulose.
e.
DNA.
 

 34. 
Baleen plates are composed of:
a.
calcium carbonate.
b.
cellulose.
c.
keratin.
d.
chitin.
e.
silica.
 

 35. 
Bubble nets for confusing and trapping plankton are produced by:
a.
gray whales.
b.
humpback whales.
c.
minke whales.
d.
sperm whales.
e.
dolphins.
 

 36. 
Fin whales feed mostly on:
a.
benthic invertebrates.
b.
nektonic fishes.
c.
algae.
d.
krill.
e.
detritus.
 

 37. 
The largest of all the whales is the:
a.
sperm whale.
b.
sei whale.
c.
humpback whale.
d.
blue whale.
e.
megalodon.
 

 38. 
Breaching is the name given to the activity of whales when they:
a.
mate.
b.
jump out of the water.
c.
capture their food.
d.
migrate long distances.
e.
give birth.
 

 39. 
Spy hopping is a term given to whales when they:
a.
jump out of the water.
b.
partially get their body out of the water.
c.
capture their food.
d.
mate.
e.
play in groups.
 

 40. 
Tail cocking behavior in whales is thought to be for:
a.
killing prey.
b.
attracting mates.
c.
aggression.
d.
preparation for a dive.
e.
dislodging parasites.
 

 41. 
A group of whales is called a:
a.
harem.
b.
pod.
c.
covey.
d.
herd.
e.
bevy.
 

 42. 
A whale that floated when harpooned was called a(n) ____.
a.
orca
b.
right whale
c.
blue whale
d.
fin whale
e.
sperm whale
 

 43. 
The melon of dolphins and other toothed whales is used for:
a.
storage of food.
b.
protecting the brain.
c.
focusing sound pulses.
d.
receiving sound pulses.
e.
producing sounds.
 

 44. 
One of the most favored food items of sperm whales is:
a.
giant squid.
b.
penguins.
c.
plankton.
d.
seals.
e.
smaller cetaceans.
 

 45. 
Ambergris comes from the ____.
a.
right whale
b.
sperm whale
c.
gray whale
d.
orca
e.
blue whale
 

 46. 
The only cetaceans known to feed on warm-blooded animals are the:
a.
sperm whales.
b.
bottlenose dolphins.
c.
killer whales.
d.
porpoises.
e.
minke whales.
 

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 47. 
Pinnipeds have to come ashore to give birth.
 

 48. 
Unlike pinnipeds, sirenians are completely free from the terrestrial environment.
 

 49. 
Manatees form pair bonds that last even after mating.
 

 50. 
The cetacean body is covered with fine hairs.
 

 51. 
Vision in toothed whales is very strong.
 

 52. 
Ambergris is produced by dolphins.
 

 53. 
Dolphins have a beak whereas porpoises have a rounded blunt head.
 

Matching
 
 
Match the food item with the animal that consumes it.
a.
vegetation
b.
plankton
c.
fish, squid
 

 54. 

 Toothed Whales
 

 55. 

 Baleen Whales
 

 56. 

 Sirenians
 
 
Match the prey detection method with the most closely associated animal.
a.
bristles
b.
echolocation
c.
eyesight
 

 57. 

 Dolphins
 

 58. 

 Seals
 

 59. 

 Walruses
 
 
Match the possible importance of a whale behavior with its most closely associated behavior.
a.
establishing dominance
b.
marking position
c.
looking around
 

 60. 

 Spy Hopping
 

 61. 

 Breaching
 

 62. 

 Slapping
 
 
Match the purpose with the mechanism it is most closely associated with.
a.
locate prey
b.
trap prey near surface
c.
filter feed
 

 63. 

 Baleen plates
 

 64. 

 Bubble net
 

 65. 

 Strong sonar pulse
 

Essay
 

 66. 
Describe at least 3 physiological adaptations in cetaceans that enable them to dive deep.
 

 67. 
You are the aquarium keeper at a large oceanarium. The facility acquires a manatee, and you are charged with its care. Explain what physical conditions are required and what you would feed it.
 

 68. 
Compare sirenians and cetaceans, describing 4 ways that they are similar.
 



 
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